The Metaphorical Concept “Life is a Journey” in the Qur’an: a Cognitive-semantic Analysis
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper demonstrates how the conceptual metaphor “life is a journey” pervades the Qur’an and how within the same scope we can find some related metaphors, such as “the Straight Way”, “the way of Hell” and “Companions of the Fire”, among others. The metaphor “life is a journey” takes as a source domain the concept “journey” and as a target domain the concept “life”. The other related metaphors are an extension of that metaphor. The instances of the “journey” metaphor with its underlying “path” schema will be analyzed using the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor as created by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and developed later by Lakoff and Turner (1989), and others, e.g. Wreth (1994, 1999). The application of the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor will reveal how this metaphor is used creatively, as it is built on dichotomy or contrast, and how it is widened to cover a broader aspect of life, i.e., life after physical death (the afterlife/hereafter). Meanwhile, the tenets of the theory will be confirmed by experimenting them with the Qur’anic metaphors to show how they are a most effective tool for conducting such an analysis. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, wie sich die Konzeptmetapher „Leben ist Reise“ durch den Koran zieht und inwiefern dort weitere ähnliche Metaphern wie z.B. „der direkte Weg“, „der Weg der Hölle“ und „die Gefährten des Feuers“ auftreten. Die Metapher „Leben ist Reise“ hat das Konzept „Reise“ als Quellbereich und das Konzept „Leben“ als Zielbereich. Die anderen damit in Verbindung stehenden Metaphern stellen eine Fortführung der Metapher dar. Die Beispiele der Reise-Metapher mit dem ihnen zugrundeliegenden „Weg-Schema“ werden mit Hilfe der von Lakoff/Johnson (1980) begründeten und von Lakoff/Turner (1989), sowie Wreth (1994, 1999) weiterentwickelten kognitiven Metapherntheorie (Lakoff / Johnson, 1980) analysiert. Die Anwendung der kognitiven Metapherntheorie zeigt, inwiefern die Reisemetapher auf kreative Weise verwendet wird, insofern als sie auf Dichotomie oder Kontrast beruht, und wie sie sich auf einen sehr weit gefassten Begriff des Lebens, d.h. auch das Leben nach dem Tod (das Jenseits) umfassend, beziehen lässt. Durch das Experimentieren mit den Metaphern des Koran wird bestätigt, dass die verwendete Theorie ein äußerst effektives Analysewerkzeug darstellt.
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